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Earlier this year, we submitted a bug to Google for the Google Authenticator app on Android. Basically, the bug we submitted is that the secret key (the private code that when combined with an accurate source of time creates the one-time-use codes for use with Google’s open-sourced two factor authentication) is stored in the clear on Android devices. Google’s response was that this was behaving by design, and that not the system controls around the filesystem are sufficient to protect this information. We humbly disagree. Rooted devices get around these system controls that protect these secret keys. So would any malware that performed a privilege escalation exploit. And most importantly, backups of the phone (using a tool such as Titanium Backup) contains these secret[…]

There are quite a few tools readily known to the Android reversing community. The primary one is most likely smali/baksmali. It’s an open source tool which will decompile/compile an android dex format which is used by dalvik the native Android VM, into a format known as smali, which is very similar to an assembly language. A lot of people even like dex2jar, which further enhances the experience and takes a broken down apk, and pulls out the compiled dex classes. With dex2jar you can further that and attempt to get some readable jar files. If you wanted to make it even simpler you continue with that jar and use something like JD-GUI to read those jars back into native java code and be off running. For the lazy, there’s also the apktool which does most of the above for you in a simple one-stop-shop.

These are all great tools, but what else is out there? That’s what I’ll be covering in the next few articles. Today I’d like to point your attention to JEB (http://java-decompiler.com). I discovered this back in February when it made its first public release. At the time, I was knee deep in doing Android Application Security Assessments as part of our IPA process. I was still primarily using the tools mentioned above, so it was nice not only to find something different (it doesn’t use the open source smali as the decompiler), and it’s a nice all-in-one solution for exploring the code, as well as analyzing it.

Ever forget your password on a website? Yeah, thought so. Ever hit the “forgot password” link on a website and got your password emailed back directly to you? If that’s the case, it means that website saves your password in plain text so that they can email it back to you. This is a terrible security practice for a few reasons: Email is not a secure protocol, so even if you use a secure protocol to log in (HTTPS), when your password is emailed it becomes exposed to the world. If that website is hacked, your password will be quite available and visible to the attacker. Even if the website is not attacked, your password is available to anyone who has[…]

It’s a little embarrassing to admit, but it seems that the mistakes of one person globally syndicated columnist have led to a rapid increase in the acceptance and use of two-factor authentication technologies for authentication. Within the last week, I have set up both my Dropbox account and this very blog with two-factor authentication. Mat Honan’s sordid tale did a lot to raise awareness of how passwords are imperfect as an authentication mechanism, as have the many password breaches that have occurred over the years. Most interesting, though, is how Google created and freely released Google Authenticator as an open source application and how quickly organizations have begun to embrace it. While I’ve traditionally been a PKI guy (I know,[…]

There’s a new GPGMail app – installed with GPGTools – that works on Lion: http://www.gpgtools.org/installer/index.html Unless you’ve got S/MIME set up. If you do have S/MIME set up, the bundle won’t display the settings, nor will it “work”. You’ll have a GPGMail preferences pane in Mail.app, but the only options you get are enabling OpenPGP under Composing and Reading. You’re supposed to have the choice of keys, etc. The previous GPGMail (a *long* time ago), allowed both S/MIME and OpenPGP, so this is a bit disappointing. Their bug tracker has that functionality scheduled for (possibly) version 2.1, and I’ll be trying it again at that point. There are definitely challenges to having S/MIME and OpenPGP running the same mail client.[…]

Security researcher Mario Heiderich (also creator of the HTML5 Security Cheatsheet and lead developer for PHPIDS) has been posting some interesting cross-site scripting challenges lately that highlight aspects of security on the client side. The most recent, called XSSMe², involved a page with a reflected XSS vulnerability that allowed one to insert arbitrary HTML – no filters applied by the server. The goal? Retrieve a particular bit of data, originally stored in document.cookie, without any user interaction. I say “originally,” because the page included JavaScript which attempted to lock down access to the data by removing it from document.cookie and hiding it unless retrieved by a user click. The code used evolved as bypasses were found, with several tricks employed along[…]